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Tai chi

Tai chi (taijiquan) is a Chinese martial art that most people today practise as a gentle health exercise: slow, flowing movements linked into a continuous sequence called a form, with calm, even breathing. There are several styles — Chen, Yang, Wu and Sun among them — and Yang style is the most widely practised. Some schools also teach its martial side, including a partner exercise called push-hands.

  • Balance and leg strength: the slow shifts of weight ask a lot of the legs.
  • Gentle movement for the joints and the spine.
  • Calm and concentration — tai chi is often described as meditation in motion.
  • Posture, coordination and body awareness.
  • For those who want it, the martial side: applications and push-hands (tuishou), a partner exercise in sensing and redirecting force.
  • Loose, comfortable clothes; some schools wear a traditional uniform.
  • Flat, thin-soled shoes — tai chi or kung fu shoes, or light trainers — or bare feet, depending on the floor.
  • Nothing else to start with. At higher levels some schools teach forms with a sword or a fan.
  • Water. Some groups practise outdoors in good weather — ask the studio.
  • Usually about 60 minutes, sometimes 45–90.
  • A gentle warm-up: joint circles, loosening exercises and standing practice, often with qigong breathing exercises.
  • The form: the teacher leads and the group follows, learning a few movements at a time. Even a short form takes weeks or months of regular practice to learn.
  • Attention to detail: the stance, the shift of weight, relaxed shoulders and breathing.
  • Classes with a martial focus add push-hands and applications in pairs; health classes may leave them out — ask the studio which kind it runs.
  • On a first visit you follow from the back at your own pace; nobody expects you to remember the sequence.
  • Anybody who wants calm, low-impact exercise, at any age and fitness level.
  • Older adults working on balance and mobility.
  • People under stress who want a quiet, focused practice — for a similar calm on the mat, see Hatha yoga.
  • Martial artists who want to work on relaxation and sensitivity; see also Kung fu (wushu).
  • It is less suited to anybody after intense cardio or quick weight loss — pair it with something more energetic. With knee problems, stances can be kept higher. With a heart condition, dizziness, a recent injury or in pregnancy, ask a doctor first and tell the teacher.